How to Replace a Failed Disk: Difference between revisions

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The following demonstrates what a failed disk looks like:
The following demonstrates what a failed disk looks like:


[root@myServer ~]# cat /proc/mdstat <br />
  [root@myServer ~]# cat /proc/mdstat <br />
Personalities : [raid1] <br/>
  Personalities : [raid1] <br/>
md0 : active raid1 sdb1[0] sda1[2](F) <br/>
  md0 : active raid1 sdb1[0] sda1[2](F) <br/>
128384 blocks [2/1] [U_]  <br/>
  128384 blocks [2/1] [U_]  <br/>
md1 : active raid1 sdb2[0] sda2[2](F) <br/>
  md1 : active raid1 sdb2[0] sda2[2](F) <br/>
16779776 blocks [2/1] [U_] <br/>
  16779776 blocks [2/1] [U_] <br/>
md2 : active raid1 sdb3[0] sda3[2](F) <br/>
  md2 : active raid1 sdb3[0] sda3[2](F) <br/>
139379840 blocks [2/1] [U_] <br/>     
  139379840 blocks [2/1] [U_] <br/>     
unused devices: <none> <br/>
  unused devices: <none> <br/>


[root@myServer ~]# smartctl -a /dev/sda  <br/>               
  [root@myServer ~]# smartctl -a /dev/sda  <br/>               
smartctl 5.42 2011-10-20 r3458 [x86_64-linux-2.6.18-371.1.2.el5] (local build)  <br/>
  smartctl 5.42 2011-10-20 r3458 [x86_64-linux-2.6.18-371.1.2.el5] (local build)  <br/>
Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net  <br/>
  Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net   <br/>
  Short INQUIRY response, skip product id  <br/>
  A mandatory SMART command failed: exiting. To continue, add one or more '-T permissive' options.   <br/>


Short INQUIRY response, skip product id  <br/>
A mandatory SMART command failed: exiting. To continue, add one or more '-T permissive' options.  <br/>


 
  [root@myServer ~]# smartctl -a /dev/sdb  <br/>
[root@myServer ~]# smartctl -a /dev/sdb  <br/>
  smartctl 5.42 2011-10-20 r3458 [x86_64-linux-2.6.18-371.1.2.el5] (local build)  <br/>
smartctl 5.42 2011-10-20 r3458 [x86_64-linux-2.6.18-371.1.2.el5] (local build)  <br/>
  Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net  <br/>
Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net  <br/>
  === START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===    <br/>
 
  Model Family:    Seagate Barracuda 7200.10    <br/>
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===    <br/>
  Device Model:    ST3160815AS    <br/>
Model Family:    Seagate Barracuda 7200.10    <br/>
  Serial Number:    9RA6DZP8    <br/>
Device Model:    ST3160815AS    <br/>
  Firmware Version: 4.AAB    <br/>
Serial Number:    9RA6DZP8    <br/>
  User Capacity:    160,041,885,696 bytes [160 GB]  <br/>
Firmware Version: 4.AAB    <br/>
  Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical  <br/>
User Capacity:    160,041,885,696 bytes [160 GB]  <br/>
  Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]  <br/>
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical  <br/>
  ATA Version is:  7  <br/>
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]  <br/>
  ATA Standard is:  Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated  <br/>
ATA Version is:  7  <br/>
  Local Time is:    Mon Sep  8 15:50:48 2014 PDT  <br/>
ATA Standard is:  Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated  <br/>
  SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.  <br/>
Local Time is:    Mon Sep  8 15:50:48 2014 PDT  <br/>
  SMART support is: Enabled  <br/>
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.  <br/>
  === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===  <br/>  
SMART support is: Enabled  <br/>
  SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED  <br/>
 
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===  <br/>  
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED  <br/>


There is a lot more that gets printed, but I cut it out.  <br/>
There is a lot more that gets printed, but I cut it out.  <br/>


So /dev/sda has clearly failed.  <br/>
So /dev/sda has clearly failed.  <br/>
Here are the steps:  <br/>


Take note of the GOOD disk serial number so I leave that one in when I replace it:  <br/>  
Take note of the GOOD disk serial number so I leave that one in when I replace it:  <br/>  
Serial Number:    9RA6DZP8  <br/>
  Serial Number:    9RA6DZP8  <br/>


Mark and remove failed disk from raid:  <br/>  
Mark and remove failed disk from raid:  <br/>  


[root@myServer ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --fail /dev/sda1  <br/>
  [root@myServer ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --fail /dev/sda1  <br/>
mdadm: set /dev/sda1 faulty in /dev/md0  <br/>
  mdadm: set /dev/sda1 faulty in /dev/md0  <br/>
 
  [root@myServer ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md1 --fail /dev/sda2  <br/>  
[root@myServer ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md1 --fail /dev/sda2  <br/>  
  mdadm: set /dev/sda2 faulty in /dev/md1  <br/>
mdadm: set /dev/sda2 faulty in /dev/md1  <br/>
  [root@myServer ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md2 --fail /dev/sda3  <br/>
 
  mdadm: set /dev/sda3 faulty in /dev/md2  <br/>
[root@myServer ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md2 --fail /dev/sda3  <br/>
  [root@myServer ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sda1  <br/>
mdadm: set /dev/sda3 faulty in /dev/md2  <br/>
  mdadm: hot removed /dev/sda1  <br/>
 
  [root@myServer ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md1 --remove /dev/sda2  <br/>
[root@myServer ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sda1  <br/>
  mdadm: hot removed /dev/sda2  <br/>
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sda1  <br/>
  [root@myServer ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md2 --remove /dev/sda3  <br/>
 
  mdadm: hot removed /dev/sda3  <br/>
[root@myServer ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md1 --remove /dev/sda2  <br/>
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sda2  <br/>
 
[root@myServer ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md2 --remove /dev/sda3  <br/>
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sda3  <br/>


Make sure grub is installed on the good disk and that grub.conf is updated:
Make sure grub is installed on the good disk and that grub.conf is updated:


 
  [root@myServer ~]# grub-install /dev/sdb  <br/>
[root@myServer ~]# grub-install /dev/sdb  <br/>
  Installation finished. No error reported.  <br/>
Installation finished. No error reported.  <br/>
  This is the contents of the device map /boot/grub/device.map.  <br/>
This is the contents of the device map /boot/grub/device.map.  <br/>
  Check if this is correct or not. <br/>
Check if this is correct or not. If any of the lines is incorrect,   <br/>
  If any of the lines is incorrect, fix it and re-run the script `grub-install'.  <br/>
fix it and re-run the script `grub-install'.  <br/>
  This device map was generated by anaconda  <br/>
 
  (hd0)    /dev/sda  <br/>
# this device map was generated by anaconda  <br/>
  (hd1)    /dev/sdb  <br/>
(hd0)    /dev/sda  <br/>
(hd1)    /dev/sdb  <br/>


Take note of the which hd partition corresponds with the good disk, ie hd1 in this case.  <br/>
Take note of the which hd partition corresponds with the good disk, ie hd1 in this case.  <br/>


[root@myServer ~]# vim /boot/grub/menu.lst  <br/>
  [root@myServer ~]# vim /boot/grub/menu.lst  <br/>
 
  Add fallback=1 right after default=0  <br/>
Add fallback=1 right after default=0  <br/>
  Go to the bottom section where you should find some kernel stanzas.  <br/>
Go to the bottom section where you should find some kernel stanzas.  <br/>
  Copy the first of them and paste the stanza before the first existing stanza; replace root (hd0,0) with root (hd1,0)  <br/>
Copy the first of them and paste the stanza before the first existing stanza; replace root (hd0,0) with root (hd1,0)  <br/>
  Should look like this:  <br/>
Should look like this:  <br/>
    [...]  <br/>
 
    title CentOS (2.6.18-128.el5)  <br/>
[...]  <br/>
    root (hd1,0)  <br/>
title CentOS (2.6.18-128.el5)  <br/>
    kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-128.el5 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00  <br/>
root (hd1,0)  <br/>
    initrd /initrd-2.6.18-128.el5.img  <br/>
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-128.el5 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00  <br/>
    title CentOS (2.6.18-128.el5)  <br/>
initrd /initrd-2.6.18-128.el5.img  <br/>
    root (hd0,0)  <br/>
title CentOS (2.6.18-128.el5)  <br/>
    kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-128.el5 ro root=/dev/  <br/>
root (hd0,0)  <br/>
    initrd /initrd-2.6.18-128.el5.img  <br/>
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-128.el5 ro root=/dev/  <br/>
initrd /initrd-2.6.18-128.el5.img  <br/>


Save and quit  <br/>
Save and quit  <br/>


[root@myServer ~]# mv /boot/initramfs-$(uname -r).img /boot/initramfs-$(uname -r).img.bak  <br/>
  [root@myServer ~]# mv /boot/initramfs-$(uname -r).img /boot/initramfs-$(uname -r).img.bak  <br/>
 
  [root@myServer ~]# mkinitrd /boot/initramfs-$(uname -r).img $(uname -r)  <br/>
[root@myServer ~]# mkinitrd /boot/initramfs-$(uname -r).img $(uname -r)  <br/>
  [root@myServer ~]# init 0  <br/>  
 
[root@myServer ~]# init 0  <br/>  


Swap the bad drive with the new drive and boot the machine.  <br/>
Swap the bad drive with the new drive and boot the machine.  <br/>
Line 118: Line 102:
The newly installed drive on myServer was named /dev/sda.  <br/>
The newly installed drive on myServer was named /dev/sda.  <br/>


[root@myServer ~]# modeprobe raid1  <br/>
  [root@myServer ~]# modeprobe raid1   <br/>
  [root@myServer ~]# modeprobe linear   <br/>


[root@myServer ~]# modeprobe linear  <br/>
Copy the partitions from one disk to the other:


[root@myServer ~]# sfdisk -d /dev/sdb | sfdisk --force /dev/sda  <br/>
  [root@myServer ~]# sfdisk -d /dev/sdb | sfdisk --force /dev/sda   <br/>
  [root@myServer ~]# sfdisk -l => sanity check   <br/>


[root@myServer ~]# sfdisk -l => sanity check  <br/>
Add the new disk to the raid array:


[root@myServer ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --add /dev/sda1  <br/>
  [root@myServer ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --add /dev/sda1  <br/>
mdadm: added /dev/sda1  <br/>
  mdadm: added /dev/sda1   <br/>
  [root@myServer ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md1 --add /dev/sda2  <br/>
  mdadm: added /dev/sda2  <br/>
  [root@myServer ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md2 --add /dev/sda3  <br/>
  mdadm: added /dev/sda3   <br/>


[root@myServer ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md1 --add /dev/sda2  <br/>
Sanity check:
mdadm: added /dev/sda2  <br/>
   [root@myServer ~]# cat /proc/mdstat <br/>
 
  Personalities : [raid1] [linear]    <br/>
[root@myServer ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md2 --add /dev/sda3  <br/>
  md0 : active raid1 sda1[1] sdb1[0]  <br/>
mdadm: added /dev/sda3   <br/>
  128384 blocks [2/2] [UU]  <br/>    
 
  md1 : active raid1 sda2[2] sdb2[0]  <br/>
[root@myServer ~]# cat /proc/mdstat   => Sanity check  <br/>
  16779776 blocks [2/1] [U_]  <br/>
Personalities : [raid1] [linear]    <br/>
  [>....................]  recovery =  3.2% (548864/16779776) finish=8.8min speed=30492K/sec  <br/>
md0 : active raid1 sda1[1] sdb1[0]  <br/>
  md2 : active raid1 sda3[2] sdb3[0]  <br/>
128384 blocks [2/2] [UU]  <br/>
  139379840 blocks [2/1] [U_]  <br/>
     
  resync=DELAYED  <br/>    
md1 : active raid1 sda2[2] sdb2[0]  <br/>
  unused devices: <none>  <br/>
16779776 blocks [2/1] [U_]  <br/>
[>....................]  recovery =  3.2% (548864/16779776) finish=8.8min speed=30492K/sec  <br/>
     
md2 : active raid1 sda3[2] sdb3[0]  <br/>
139379840 blocks [2/1] [U_]  <br/>
resync=DELAYED  <br/>
     
unused devices: <none>  <br/>


That's it! :)  <br/>


That's it! :)  <br/>
[[Category:Sysadmin]]
[[Category:Tutorials]]
[[Category:Delete]]

Latest revision as of 22:49, 25 January 2021

Steps to fix a hard drive failure that is in a raid 1 configuration:

The following demonstrates what a failed disk looks like:

 [root@myServer ~]# cat /proc/mdstat 
Personalities : [raid1]
md0 : active raid1 sdb1[0] sda1[2](F)
128384 blocks [2/1] [U_]
md1 : active raid1 sdb2[0] sda2[2](F)
16779776 blocks [2/1] [U_]
md2 : active raid1 sdb3[0] sda3[2](F)
139379840 blocks [2/1] [U_]
unused devices: <none>
 [root@myServer ~]# smartctl -a /dev/sda   
smartctl 5.42 2011-10-20 r3458 [x86_64-linux-2.6.18-371.1.2.el5] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net
Short INQUIRY response, skip product id
A mandatory SMART command failed: exiting. To continue, add one or more '-T permissive' options.


 [root@myServer ~]# smartctl -a /dev/sdb  
smartctl 5.42 2011-10-20 r3458 [x86_64-linux-2.6.18-371.1.2.el5] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Seagate Barracuda 7200.10
Device Model: ST3160815AS
Serial Number: 9RA6DZP8
Firmware Version: 4.AAB
User Capacity: 160,041,885,696 bytes [160 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: 7
ATA Standard is: Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated
Local Time is: Mon Sep 8 15:50:48 2014 PDT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

There is a lot more that gets printed, but I cut it out.

So /dev/sda has clearly failed.

Take note of the GOOD disk serial number so I leave that one in when I replace it:

 Serial Number:    9RA6DZP8   

Mark and remove failed disk from raid:

 [root@myServer ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --fail /dev/sda1   
mdadm: set /dev/sda1 faulty in /dev/md0
[root@myServer ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md1 --fail /dev/sda2
mdadm: set /dev/sda2 faulty in /dev/md1
[root@myServer ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md2 --fail /dev/sda3
mdadm: set /dev/sda3 faulty in /dev/md2
[root@myServer ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sda1
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sda1
[root@myServer ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md1 --remove /dev/sda2
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sda2
[root@myServer ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md2 --remove /dev/sda3
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sda3

Make sure grub is installed on the good disk and that grub.conf is updated:

 [root@myServer ~]# grub-install /dev/sdb   
Installation finished. No error reported.
This is the contents of the device map /boot/grub/device.map.
Check if this is correct or not.
If any of the lines is incorrect, fix it and re-run the script `grub-install'.
This device map was generated by anaconda
(hd0) /dev/sda
(hd1) /dev/sdb

Take note of the which hd partition corresponds with the good disk, ie hd1 in this case.

 [root@myServer ~]# vim /boot/grub/menu.lst  
Add fallback=1 right after default=0
Go to the bottom section where you should find some kernel stanzas.
Copy the first of them and paste the stanza before the first existing stanza; replace root (hd0,0) with root (hd1,0)
Should look like this:
[...]
title CentOS (2.6.18-128.el5)
root (hd1,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-128.el5 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00
initrd /initrd-2.6.18-128.el5.img
title CentOS (2.6.18-128.el5)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-128.el5 ro root=/dev/
initrd /initrd-2.6.18-128.el5.img

Save and quit

 [root@myServer ~]# mv /boot/initramfs-$(uname -r).img /boot/initramfs-$(uname -r).img.bak   
[root@myServer ~]# mkinitrd /boot/initramfs-$(uname -r).img $(uname -r)
[root@myServer ~]# init 0

Swap the bad drive with the new drive and boot the machine.

Once it's booted:

Check the device names with cat /proc/mdstat and/or fisk -l.
The newly installed drive on myServer was named /dev/sda.

 [root@myServer ~]# modeprobe raid1   
[root@myServer ~]# modeprobe linear

Copy the partitions from one disk to the other:

 [root@myServer ~]# sfdisk -d /dev/sdb | sfdisk --force /dev/sda   
[root@myServer ~]# sfdisk -l => sanity check

Add the new disk to the raid array:

 [root@myServer ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --add /dev/sda1   
mdadm: added /dev/sda1
[root@myServer ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md1 --add /dev/sda2
mdadm: added /dev/sda2
[root@myServer ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md2 --add /dev/sda3
mdadm: added /dev/sda3

Sanity check:

 [root@myServer ~]# cat /proc/mdstat  
Personalities : [raid1] [linear]
md0 : active raid1 sda1[1] sdb1[0]
128384 blocks [2/2] [UU]
md1 : active raid1 sda2[2] sdb2[0]
16779776 blocks [2/1] [U_]
[>....................] recovery = 3.2% (548864/16779776) finish=8.8min speed=30492K/sec
md2 : active raid1 sda3[2] sdb3[0]
139379840 blocks [2/1] [U_]
resync=DELAYED
unused devices: <none>

That's it! :)