How to Backup a Hypervisor

There are essentially three steps to fully backing up a hypervisor:

1) Create snapshots of all images

2) Create a tarball of the /var/lib/libvirt directory

3) Create a tarball of the /etc/libvirt directory

The second and third steps are self explainatory, so I am only going over step 1. :)

In order to create a snapshot of an image it needs to have a qcow2 image format.

To determine the volume format type, go into the directory where the images are: cd /var/lib/libvirt/images/ Then type "qemu-img info image_name" qemu-img info my_image image: my_image file format: qcow2 <==== This is the disk/image format virtual size: 10G (10737418240 bytes) disk size: 8.9G cluster_size: 65536

You take a snapshot like this:

virsh snapshot-create-as my_image my_image_snapshot1

Where "my_image" is the domain name and "my_image_snapshot1" is the name that I am giving the snapshot.

All the snapshots are stored as an xml file here:

/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/snapshot/

You can also see a list of snapshots for a particular domain by typing:

virsh snapshot-list my_image

Name                 Creation Time             State

---

my_image_snapshot1    2014-09-30 16:36:51 -0700 running

To convert the image from another format type to qcow2 (using my_image as an example):

qemu-img info my_image image: my_image file format: raw virtual size: 10G (10737418240 bytes) disk size: 8.9G cluster_size: 65536

You have to power off the domain first:

virsh shutdown my_image

Next, convert my_image from raw to qcow2:

cd /var/lib/libvirt/images/

qemu-img convert -f raw my_image -O qcow2 my_image.qcow2

virsh edit my_image

Change this:

<driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>

To this:

<driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>

virsh start my_image

That's it!

Have this script run monthly:

#!/bin/bash

IMAGEDIR=/var/lib/libvirt/images/bulk BACKUPDIR=/var/backup/home/data/

# Cleanup of backup directory

   	X=`ls -l $BACKUPDIR | wc -l`
   	if (($X > 1)); then
         rm -rf $BACKUPDIR/*
   	fi

# Check to see if image format is qcow2 and if so create a snapshot:

for HOST in `ls -l $IMAGEDIR`;do FORMAT=`qemu-img info $HOST | grep format | cut -d' ' -f3` if ["$FORMAT" == "qcow2"];then virsh snapshot-create-as $HOST $HOST_1 fi done

tar -czvf $BACKUPDIR/var_libvirt.tar.gz /var/lib/libvirt

 	tar -czvf $BACKUPDIR/etc_libvirt.tar.gz /etc/libvirt

References: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/Virt_Live_Snapshots http://kashyapc.com/2012/09/14/externaland-live-snapshots-with-libvirt/ http://serverfault.com/questions/567234/how-to-replace-qemu-binary-with-newer-version-for-libvirt-live-snapshots http://linux.die.net/man/1/virsh http://www.bashrc.in/2014/01/snapshot-of-kvm-vm-rhel-6.html